% This is the plain METAFONT base that's described in The METAFONTbook.
% N.B.: Please change "base_version" whenever this file is modified!
% And don't modify the file under any circumstances.
string base_name, base_version; base_name="plain"; base_version="2.71";

message "Preloading the plain base, version "&base_version&": preliminaries,";

delimiters ();  % this makes parentheses behave like parentheses
def upto = step 1 until enddef; % syntactic sugar
def downto = step -1 until enddef;
def exitunless expr c = exitif not c enddef;
let relax = \;  % ignore the word `relax', as in TeX
let \\ = \; % double relaxation is like single
def ]] = ] ] enddef; % right brackets should be loners
def -- = {curl 1}..{curl 1} enddef;
def --- = .. tension infinity .. enddef;
def ... = .. tension atleast 1 .. enddef;

def gobble primary g = enddef; def killtext text t = enddef;
primarydef g gobbled gg = enddef;
def hide(text t) = exitif numeric begingroup t;endgroup; enddef;
def ??? = hide(interim showstopping:=1; showdependencies) enddef;
def stop expr s = message s; gobble readstring enddef;

smoothing:=1; autorounding:=2;  % this adjusts curves to the raster
turningcheck:=2;                % this will warn about a "strange path"
granularity:=1;                 % this says that pixels are pixels

def interact = % sets up to make "show" commands stop
 hide(showstopping:=1; tracingonline:=1) enddef;

def loggingall =        % puts tracing info into the log
 tracingcommands:=3; tracingedges:=2; tracingtitles:=1; tracingequations:=1;
 tracingcapsules:=1; tracingspecs:=1; tracingpens:=1; tracingchoices:=1;
 tracingstats:=1; tracingoutput:=1; tracingmacros:=1; tracingrestores:=1;
 enddef;

def tracingall =        % turns on every form of tracing
 tracingonline:=1; showstopping:=1; loggingall enddef;

def tracingnone =       % turns off every form of tracing
 tracingcommands:=0; tracingonline:=0; showstopping:=0;
 tracingedges:=0; tracingtitles:=0; tracingequations:=0;
 tracingcapsules:=0; tracingspecs:=0; tracingpens:=0; tracingchoices:=0;
 tracingstats:=0; tracingoutput:=0; tracingmacros:=0; tracingrestores:=0;
 enddef;

message " basic constants and mathematical macros,";

% numeric constants
newinternal eps,epsilon,infinity,_;
eps := .00049;    % this is a pretty small positive number
epsilon := 1/256/256;   % but this is the smallest
infinity := 4095.99998;    % and this is the largest
_ := -1; % internal constant to make macros unreadable but shorter

% pair constants
pair right,left,up,down,origin;
origin=(0,0); up=-down=(0,1); right=-left=(1,0);

% path constants
path quartercircle,halfcircle,fullcircle,unitsquare;
quartercircle=(right{up}..(right+up)/sqrt2..up{left}) scaled .5;
halfcircle=quartercircle & quartercircle rotated 90;
fullcircle=halfcircle & halfcircle rotated 180 & cycle;
unitsquare=(0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle;

% transform constants
transform identity;
for z=origin,right,up: z transformed identity = z; endfor

% picture constants
picture blankpicture,unitpixel;
blankpicture=nullpicture; % `display blankpicture...'
unitpixel=nullpicture; addto unitpixel contour unitsquare;

% string constants
string ditto; ditto = char 34; % ASCII double-quote mark

% pen constants
def capsule_def(suffix s) primary u = def s = u enddef enddef;
capsule_def(pensquare) makepen(unitsquare shifted -(.5,.5));
capsule_def(penrazor) makepen((-.5,0)--(.5,0)--cycle);
pen penspeck; penspeck=pensquare scaled eps;

% nullary operators
vardef whatever = save ?; ? enddef;

% unary operators
let abs = length;

vardef round primary u =
 if numeric u: floor(u+.5)
 elseif pair u: (hround xpart u, vround ypart u)
 else: u fi enddef;

vardef hround primary x = floor(x+.5) enddef;
vardef vround primary y = floor(y.o_+.5)_o_ enddef;

vardef ceiling primary x = -floor(-x) enddef;

vardef byte primary s =
 if string s: ASCII fi s enddef;

vardef dir primary d = right rotated d enddef;

vardef unitvector primary z = z/abs z enddef;

vardef inverse primary T =
 transform T_; T_ transformed T = identity; T_ enddef;

vardef counterclockwise primary c =
 if turningcheck>0:
  interim autorounding:=0;
  if turningnumber c <= 0: reverse fi fi c enddef;

vardef tensepath expr r =
 for k=0 upto length r - 1: point k of r --- endfor
 if cycle r: cycle else: point infinity of r fi enddef;

% binary operators

primarydef x mod y = (x-y*floor(x/y)) enddef;
primarydef x div y = floor(x/y) enddef;
primarydef w dotprod z = (xpart w * xpart z + ypart w * ypart z) enddef;

primarydef x**y = if y=2: x*x else: takepower y of x fi enddef;
def takepower expr y of x =
 if x>0: mexp(y*mlog x)
 elseif (x=0) and (y>0): 0
 else: 1
  if y=floor y:
   if y>=0: for n=1 upto y: *x endfor
   else: for n=_ downto y: /x endfor
   fi
  else: hide(errmessage "Undefined power: " & decimal x&"**"&decimal y)
  fi fi enddef;

vardef direction expr t of p =
 postcontrol t of p - precontrol t of p enddef;

vardef directionpoint expr z of p =
 a_:=directiontime z of p;
 if a_<0: errmessage("The direction doesn't occur"); fi
 point a_ of p enddef;

secondarydef p intersectionpoint q =
 begingroup save x_,y_; (x_,y_)=p intersectiontimes q;
 if x_<0: errmessage("The paths don't intersect"); origin
 else: .5[point x_ of p, point y_ of q] fi endgroup
enddef;

tertiarydef p softjoin q =
 begingroup c_:=fullcircle scaled 2join_radius shifted point 0 of q;
 a_:=ypart(c_ intersectiontimes p); b_:=ypart(c_ intersectiontimes q);
 if a_<0:point 0 of p{direction 0 of p} else: subpath(0,a_) of p fi
  ... if b_<0:{direction infinity of q}point infinity of q
   else: subpath(b_,infinity) of q fi endgroup enddef;
newinternal join_radius,a_,b_; path c_;

% special operators
vardef incr suffix $ = $:=$+1; $ enddef;
vardef decr suffix $ = $:=$-1; $ enddef;

def reflectedabout(expr w,z) =    % reflects about the line w..z
 transformed
  begingroup transform T_;
  w transformed T_ = w;  z transformed T_ = z;
  xxpart T_ = -yypart T_; xypart T_ = yxpart T_; % T_ is a reflection
  T_ endgroup enddef;

def rotatedaround(expr z, d) =    % rotates d degrees around z
 shifted -z rotated d shifted z enddef;
let rotatedabout = rotatedaround;   % for roundabout people

vardef min(expr u)(text t) = % t is a list of numerics, pairs, or strings
 save u_; setu_ u; for uu = t: if uu<u_: u_:=uu; fi endfor
 u_ enddef;

vardef max(expr u)(text t) = % t is a list of numerics, pairs, or strings
 save u_; setu_ u; for uu = t: if uu>u_: u_:=uu; fi endfor
 u_ enddef;

def setu_ primary u =
 if pair u: pair u_ elseif string u: string u_ fi;
 u_=u enddef;

def flex(text t) =           % t is a list of pairs
 hide(n_:=0; for z=t: z_[incr n_]:=z; endfor
  dz_:=z_[n_]-z_1)
 z_1 for k=2 upto n_-1: ...z_[k]{dz_} endfor ...z_[n_] enddef;
newinternal n_; pair z_[],dz_;

def superellipse(expr r,t,l,b,s)=
 r{up}...(s[xpart t,xpart r],s[ypart r,ypart t]){t-r}...
 t{left}...(s[xpart t,xpart l],s[ypart l,ypart t]){l-t}...
 l{down}...(s[xpart b,xpart l],s[ypart l,ypart b]){b-l}...
 b{right}...(s[xpart b,xpart r],s[ypart r,ypart b]){r-b}...cycle enddef;

vardef interpath(expr a,p,q) =
 for t=0 upto length p-1: a[point t of p, point t of q]
  ..controls a[postcontrol t of p, postcontrol t of q]
   and a[precontrol t+1 of p, precontrol t+1 of q] .. endfor
 if cycle p: cycle
 else: a[point infinity of p, point infinity of q] fi enddef;

vardef solve@#(expr true_x,false_x)= % @#(true_x)=true, @#(false_x)=false
 tx_:=true_x; fx_:=false_x;
 forever: x_:=.5[tx_,fx_]; exitif abs(tx_-fx_)<=tolerance;
 if @#(x_): tx_ else: fx_ fi :=x_; endfor
 x_ enddef; % now x_ is near where @# changes from true to false
newinternal tolerance, tx_,fx_,x_; tolerance:=.1;

message " macros for converting from device-independent units to pixels,";

def fix_units = % define the conversion factors, given pixels_per_inch
 mm:=pixels_per_inch/25.4;      cm:=pixels_per_inch/2.54;
 pt:=pixels_per_inch/72.27;     pc:=pixels_per_inch/6.0225;
 dd:=1238/1157pt;               cc:=12dd;
 bp:=pixels_per_inch/72;        in:=pixels_per_inch;
 hppp:=pt;                      % horizontal pixels per point
 vppp:=aspect_ratio*hppp;       % vertical pixels per point
 enddef;

mm#=2.84528;      pt#=1;        dd#=1.07001;      bp#:=1.00375;
cm#=28.45276;     pc#=12;       cc#=12.84010;     in#:=72.27;

newinternal pixels_per_inch;       % the given resolution
newinternal blacker, o_correction; % device-oriented corrections

def define_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=$.#*hppp; endfor enddef;
def define_whole_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
def define_whole_vertical_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
def define_good_x_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=good.x($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
def define_good_y_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=good.y($.#*hppp); endfor enddef;
def define_blacker_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=$.#*hppp+blacker; endfor enddef;
def define_whole_blacker_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp+blacker);
  if $<=0: $:=1; fi endfor enddef;
def define_whole_vertical_blacker_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp+blacker);
  if $<=0: $:=1_o_; fi endfor enddef;
def define_corrected_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=vround($.#*hppp*o_correction)+eps; endfor enddef;
def define_horizontal_corrected_pixels(text t) =
 forsuffixes $=t: $:=hround($.#*hppp*o_correction)+eps; endfor enddef;

def lowres_fix(text t) expr ratio =
 begingroup save min,max,first;
 forsuffixes $=t: if unknown min: min=max=first=$; min#=max#=$.#;
  elseif $.#<min#: min:=$; min#:=$.#;
  elseif $.#>max#: max:=$; max#:=$.#; fi endfor
 if max/min>ratio*max#/min#: forsuffixes $=t: $:=first; endfor fi
 endgroup enddef;

message " macros and tables for various modes of operation,";

def mode_setup =
 warningcheck:=0;
 if unknown mode: mode=proof; fi
 numeric aspect_ratio; transform currenttransform;
 scantokens if string mode:("input "&mode) else: mode_name[mode] fi;
 if unknown mag: mag=1; fi
 if unknown aspect_ratio: aspect_ratio=1; fi
 displaying:=proofing;
 pixels_per_inch:=pixels_per_inch*mag;
 if aspect_ratio=1: let o_=\; let _o_=\
 else: def o_=*aspect_ratio enddef; def _o_=/aspect_ratio enddef fi;
 fix_units;
 scantokens extra_setup; % the user's special last-minute adjustments
 currenttransform:=
  if unknown currenttransform: identity else: currenttransform fi
   yscaled aspect_ratio;
 clearit;
 pickup pencircle scaled (.4pt+blacker);
 warningcheck:=1; enddef;
def smode = string mode; mode enddef;
string extra_setup, mode_name[];
extra_setup="";          % usually there's nothing special to do
newinternal displaying;  % if positive, endchar will `showit'

vardef magstep primary m = mexp(46.67432m) enddef;

def mode_def suffix $ =
 $:=incr number_of_modes;
 mode_name[$]:=str$ & "_";
 expandafter quote def scantokens mode_name[$] enddef;
newinternal number_of_modes;

% proof mode: for initial design of characters
mode_def proof =
 proofing:=2;                   % yes, we're making full proofs
 fontmaking:=0;                 % no, we're not making a font
 tracingtitles:=1;              % yes, show titles online
 pixels_per_inch:=2601.72;      % that's 36 pixels per pt
 blacker:=0;                    % no additional blackness
 fillin:=0;                     % no compensation for fillin
 o_correction:=1;               % no reduction in overshoot
 enddef;

% smoke mode: for label-free proofs to mount on the wall
mode_def smoke =
 proof_;                        % same as proof mode, except:
 proofing:=1;                   % yes, we're making unlabeled proofs
 extra_setup:=extra_setup&"grayfont black"; % with solid black pixels
 let makebox=maketicks;         % make the boxes less obtrusive
 enddef;

% lowres mode: for certain devices that print 200 pixels per inch
mode_def lowres =
 proofing:=0;                   % no, we're not making proofs
 fontmaking:=1;                 % yes, we are making a font
 tracingtitles:=0;              % no, don't show titles at all
 pixels_per_inch:=200;          % that's the meaning of lowres
 blacker:=.65;                  % make pens a bit blacker
 fillin:=.2;                    % compensate for diagonal fillin
 o_correction:=.4;              % but don't overshoot as much
 enddef;

localfont:=lowres;      % the mode most commonly used to make fonts

% It is customary to input another file to supplement the PLAIN base.
% This supplementary file adds analogous modes, corresponding to
% local output devices, and it redefines `localfont' as appropriate.
% The values of screen_rows and screen_cols should also be updated.
% The auxiliary file should set base_version:=base_version&"/localname".
% Remember that the present file PLAIN.MF should not be changed;
% all local changes should be confined to a separate file.

message " macros for drawing and filling,";

pen currentpen;
path currentpen_path;
picture currentpicture;
transform currenttransform;
def t_ = transformed currenttransform enddef;

def fill expr c = addto_currentpicture contour c.t_ enddef;
def addto_currentpicture = addto currentpicture enddef;
def draw expr p =
 addto_currentpicture doublepath p.t_ withpen currentpen enddef;
def filldraw expr c = fill counterclockwise c withpen currentpen enddef;
def drawdot expr z = if unknown currentpen_path: def_pen_path_ fi
 addto_currentpicture contour
  currentpen_path shifted (z.t_) withpen penspeck enddef;
def def_pen_path_ =
 hide(currentpen_path=tensepath makepath currentpen) enddef;

def unfill expr c = fill c withweight _ enddef;
def undraw expr p = draw p withweight _ enddef;
def unfilldraw expr c = filldraw c withweight _ enddef;
def undrawdot expr z = drawdot z withweight _ enddef;
def erase text t = begingroup interim default_wt_:=_;
 cullit; t withweight _; cullit; endgroup enddef;
newinternal default_wt_; default_wt_:=1;

def cutdraw expr p = % caution: you may need autorounding=0
 cutoff(point 0 of p, 180+angle direction 0 of p);
 cutoff(point infinity of p, angle direction infinity of p);
 culldraw p enddef;
def culldraw expr p = addto pic_ doublepath p.t_ withpen currentpen;
 cull pic_ dropping(-infinity,0) withweight default_wt_;
 addto_currentpicture also pic_; pic_:=nullpicture; killtext enddef;
vardef cutoff(expr z,theta) =
 interim autorounding := 0; interim smoothing := 0;
 addto pic_ doublepath z.t_ withpen currentpen;
 addto pic_ contour
  (cut_ scaled (1+max(-pen_lft,pen_rt,pen_top,-pen_bot))
   rotated theta shifted z)t_;
 cull pic_ keeping (2,2) withweight -default_wt_;
 addto currentpicture also pic_;
 pic_:=nullpicture enddef;
picture pic_; pic_:=nullpicture;
path cut_; cut_ = ((0,_)--(1,_)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle) scaled 1.42;

def pickup secondary q =
 if numeric q: numeric_pickup_ else: pen_pickup_ fi q enddef;
def numeric_pickup_ primary q =
 if unknown pen_[q]: errmessage "Unknown pen"; clearpen
 else: currentpen:=pen_[q];
  pen_lft:=pen_lft_[q];
  pen_rt:=pen_rt_[q];
  pen_top:=pen_top_[q];
  pen_bot:=pen_bot_[q];
  currentpen_path:=pen_path_[q] fi; enddef;
def pen_pickup_ primary q =
  currentpen:=q yscaled aspect_ratio;
  pen_lft:=xpart penoffset down of currentpen;
  pen_rt:=xpart penoffset up of currentpen;
  pen_top:=(ypart penoffset left of currentpen)_o_;
  pen_bot:=(ypart penoffset right of currentpen)_o_;
  path currentpen_path; enddef;
newinternal pen_lft,pen_rt,pen_top,pen_bot,pen_count_;

vardef savepen = pen_[incr pen_count_]=currentpen;
 pen_lft_[pen_count_]=pen_lft;
 pen_rt_[pen_count_]=pen_rt;
 pen_top_[pen_count_]=pen_top;
 pen_bot_[pen_count_]=pen_bot;
 pen_path_[pen_count_]=currentpen_path;
 pen_count_ enddef;

def clearpen = currentpen:=nullpen;
 pen_lft:=pen_rt:=pen_top:=pen_bot:=0;
 path currentpen_path;
 enddef;
def clear_pen_memory =
 pen_count_:=0;
 numeric pen_lft_[],pen_rt_[],pen_top_[],pen_bot_[];
 pen currentpen,pen_[];
 path currentpen_path, pen_path_[];
 enddef;

vardef lft primary x = x + if pair x: (pen_lft,0) else: pen_lft fi enddef;
vardef rt primary x = x + if pair x: (pen_rt,0) else: pen_rt fi enddef;
vardef top primary y = y + if pair y: (0,pen_top) else: pen_top fi enddef;
vardef bot primary y = y + if pair y: (0,pen_bot) else: pen_bot fi enddef;
vardef good.x primary x = hround(x+pen_lft)-pen_lft enddef;
vardef good.y primary y = vround(y+pen_top)-pen_top enddef;
vardef good.lft primary z = save z_; pair z_;
  (z_+(pen_lft,0))t_=round((z+(pen_lft,0))t_); z_ enddef;
vardef good.rt primary z = save z_; pair z_;
  (z_+(pen_rt,0))t_=round((z+(pen_rt,0))t_); z_ enddef;
vardef good.top primary z = save z_; pair z_;
  (z_+(0,pen_top))t_=round((z+(0,pen_top))t_); z_ enddef;
vardef good.bot primary z = save z_; pair z_;
  (z_+(0,pen_bot))t_=round((z+(0,pen_bot))t_); z_ enddef;

vardef penpos@#(expr b,d) =
 (x@#r-x@#l,y@#r-y@#l)=(b,0) rotated d;
 x@#=.5(x@#l+x@#r); y@#=.5(y@#l+y@#r) enddef;

def penstroke text t =
 forsuffixes e = l,r: path_.e:=t; endfor
 if cycle path_.l: cyclestroke_
 else: fill path_.l -- reverse path_.r -- cycle fi enddef;
def cyclestroke_ =
 begingroup interim turningcheck:=0;
 addto pic_ contour path_.l.t_ withweight 1;
 addto pic_ contour path_.r.t_ withweight _;
 cull pic_ dropping origin withweight default_wt_;
 addto_currentpicture also pic_;
 pic_:=nullpicture endgroup enddef;
path path_.l,path_.r;

message " macros for proof labels and rules,";

vardef makelabel@#(expr s,z) = % puts string s at point z
 if known z: special lcode_@# & s;
  numspecial xpart(z.t_); numspecial ypart(z.t_) fi enddef;
string lcode_,lcode_.top,lcode_.lft,lcode_.rt,lcode_.bot,
  lcode_.top.nodot,lcode_.lft.nodot,lcode_.rt.nodot,lcode_.bot.nodot;
lcode_.top=" 1"; lcode_.lft=" 2"; lcode_.rt=" 3"; lcode_.bot=" 4";
lcode_=" 0"; % change to " /" to avoid listing in overflow column
lcode_.top.nodot=" 5"; lcode_.lft.nodot=" 6";
lcode_.rt.nodot=" 7"; lcode_.bot.nodot=" 8";

vardef labels@#(text t) =
 if proofing>1: forsuffixes $=t:
  makelabel@#(str$,z$); endfor
 fi enddef;
vardef penlabels@#(text t) =
 if proofing>1: forsuffixes $$=l,,r: forsuffixes $=t:
  makelabel@#(str$.$$,z$.$$); endfor endfor
 fi enddef;

def range expr x = numtok[x] enddef;
def numtok suffix x=x enddef;
tertiarydef m thru n =
 m for x=m+1 step 1 until n: , numtok[x] endfor enddef;

def proofrule(expr w,z) =
 special "rule"; numspecial xpart w; numspecial ypart w;
 numspecial xpart z; numspecial ypart z enddef;
def screenrule(expr w,z) =
 addto currentpicture doublepath w--z withpen rulepen enddef;
pen rulepen; rulepen = pensquare scaled 2;

def makegrid(text xlist,ylist) =
 xmin_ := min(xlist); xmax_ := max(xlist);
 ymin_ := min(ylist); ymax_ := max(ylist);
 for x=xlist: proofrule((x,ymin_), (x,ymax_)); endfor
 for y=ylist: proofrule((xmin_,y), (xmax_,y)); endfor
 enddef;

vardef titlefont suffix $ = special "titlefont "&str$ enddef;
vardef labelfont suffix $ = special "labelfont "&str$ enddef;
vardef grayfont suffix $ = special "grayfont "&str$ enddef;
vardef slantfont suffix $ = special "slantfont "&str$ enddef;
def proofoffset primary z = % shifts proof output by z
 special "offset"; numspecial xpart z; numspecial ypart z enddef;
vardef proofrulethickness expr x =
 special "rulethickness"; numspecial x enddef;

message " macros for character and font administration,";

def beginchar(expr c,w_sharp,h_sharp,d_sharp) =
 begingroup
 charcode:=if known c: byte c else: 0 fi;
 charwd:=w_sharp;      charht:=h_sharp;       chardp:=d_sharp;
 w:=hround(charwd*hppp); h:=vround(charht*hppp); d:=vround(chardp*hppp);
 charic:=0; clearxy; clearit; clearpen; scantokens extra_beginchar;
 enddef;

def italcorr expr x_sharp = if x_sharp>0: charic:=x_sharp fi enddef;

def change_width =
 w:=w if w>charwd*hppp:- else:+ fi 1 enddef;

def endchar =
 scantokens extra_endchar;
 if proofing>0: makebox(proofrule); fi
 chardx:=w;     % desired width of the character in pixels
 shipit;
 if displaying>0: makebox(screenrule); showit; fi
 endgroup enddef;

string extra_beginchar, extra_endchar;
extra_beginchar=extra_endchar="";

def makebox(text r) =
 for y=0,h.o_,-d.o_: r((0,y),(w,y)); endfor % horizontals
 for x=0,w:   r((x,-d.o_),(x,h.o_)); endfor % verticals
 if charic<>0: r((w+charic*hppp,h.o_),(w+charic*hppp,.5h.o_)); fi
 enddef;

def maketicks(text r) =
 for y=0,h.o_,-d.o_: r((0,y),(10,y)); r((w-10,y),(w,y)); endfor
 for x=0,w: r((x,10-d.o_),(x,-d.o_)); r((x,h.o_-10),(x,h.o_)); endfor
 if charic<>0: r((w+charic*hppp,h.o_-10),(w+charic*hppp,h.o_)); fi
 enddef;

def font_size expr x = designsize:=x enddef;
def font_slant expr x = fontdimen 1: x enddef;
def font_normal_space expr x = fontdimen 2: x enddef;
def font_normal_stretch expr x = fontdimen 3: x enddef;
def font_normal_shrink expr x = fontdimen 4: x enddef;
def font_x_height expr x = fontdimen 5: x enddef;
def font_quad expr x = fontdimen 6: x enddef;
def font_extra_space expr x = fontdimen 7: x enddef;

def font_identifier expr x = font_identifier_:=x enddef;
def font_coding_scheme expr x = font_coding_scheme_:=x enddef;
string font_identifier_, font_coding_scheme_;
font_identifier_=font_coding_scheme_="UNSPECIFIED";

message "and a few last-minute items.";

vardef z@#=(x@#,y@#) enddef;

newinternal screen_rows, screen_cols, currentwindow;
screen_rows:=400;     % these values should be corrected,
screen_cols:=500;     % by reading in a separate file after PLAIN.MF

def openit = openwindow currentwindow
 from origin to (screen_rows,screen_cols) at (-50,300) enddef;
def showit = openit; let showit=showit_; showit enddef; % first time only
def showit_ = display currentpicture inwindow currentwindow enddef;

def clearxy = save x,y enddef;
def clearit = currentpicture:=nullpicture enddef;
def shipit = shipout currentpicture enddef;
def cullit = cull currentpicture dropping (-infinity,0) enddef;

def screenchars =     % endchar should `showit'
 extra_endchar:=extra_endchar&"showit;" enddef;
def screenstrokes =   % every stroke should `showit'
 def addto_currentpicture text t=
  addto currentpicture t; showit enddef; enddef;
def imagerules =      % a box should be part of the character image
 extra_beginchar:=extra_beginchar & "makebox(screenrule);" enddef;
def gfcorners =       % `maketicks' should send rules to the GF file
 extra_setup:=extra_setup & "let makebox=maketicks;proofing:=1;" enddef;
def nodisplays =      % endchar shouldn't `showit'
 extra_setup:=extra_setup & "displaying:=0;" enddef;
def notransforms =    % currenttransform should not be used
 let t_ = \ enddef;

let bye = end; outer end,bye;

clear_pen_memory;     % initialize the `savepen' mechanism
mode_setup;           % establish proof mode as the default
numeric mode,mag;     % but leave mode and mag undefined